Jellyfish

Medusa Valley: Jellyfish, Climate Change and Marine Pollution

Pelagia noctiluca, commonly known as the purple jellyfish, is a venomous marine species found in the Mediterranean Sea. Its colour ranges from orange in young individuals to purple or red in adults, and its bioluminescence allows it to emit light in dark environments. Contact with its tentacles can cause skin irritation and painful stings.

The increasing presence of jellyfish along Mediterranean coastlines is associated with environmental changes, including rising sea temperatures. Global warming affects marine ecosystems by altering species distribution, reproduction and survival conditions. Warmer waters may favour jellyfish development and contribute to changes in the frequency and intensity of blooms. Furthermore, the decline of natural predators, such as sea turtles and swordfish, due to human activities and environmental pressures, may disrupt marine food webs and influence jellyfish populations.

Marine pollution represents an additional threat to ecosystem balance. Plastic waste, chemical contaminants and nutrient pollution can damage marine habitats and affect biodiversity. Although pollution does not directly explain every jellyfish bloom, it can weaken ecosystems and contribute to environmental conditions that favour certain species.

The growing concern is reflected in Greece, where more than seven mobile applications reportedly help citizens monitor jellyfish sightings and avoid affected swimming areas.

Through Medusa Valley, artist Yiannis Kranidiotis transforms discarded plastic bottles, optical fibres and electronic components into an interactive installation. By combining science, light and sound, the artwork raises awareness of climate change, marine pollution and the urgent need to protect Mediterranean biodiversity.